A System-of-Systems Architecture Methodology to Evaluate Energy Systems Integration as a Pathway for the Energy Transition

Abstract

One pathway for the energy transition is Energy Systems Integration (ESI), which aims to exploit synergies across the multiple energy vectors of electricity, gas and heat. This will create new interactions between different components of the energy system and increase the complexity involved. Existing studies focus on planning and operational models for ESI, but the literature lacks comprehensive studies around evaluation of ESI. This thesis develops a novel methodological framework for evaluating the effectiveness of ESI as a pathway for the energy transition. The framework provides a model to encompass stakeholders’ perspectives in an indicator-based evaluation while reducing the complexity of the energy system architecture. The framework is based on three main contributions presented in this research, drawn from the areas of sustainability assessments, sustainability transitions and systems engineering, respectively. Firstly, the framework exhibits principles identified to reflect a whole systems approach for evaluation being: multidimensional, multivectoral, systemic, systematic, futuristic, and applicable. Secondly, the framework operationalises an understanding of ESI in relation to the Multi-System Perspective for transitions, being conceptualised as a System-ofSystem (SoS). Thirdly, the framework combines systems engineering concepts and methods to (i) model the integrated energy system architecture as a SoS; (ii) identify the structural and functional relationships between its components and with its stakeholders at different levels of abstraction; and (iii) select indicators to measure the effectiveness of the energy system towards achieving its requirements. The framework is validated using a test case study on the local energy system in Findhorn village and through a group interview with academic experts, whose feedback helped implement necessary improvements. From this, a Reference System Architecture Model that can be readily used as a standard approach for evaluation is developed. A full scale study is conducted on the North of Tyne energy system to demonstrate the framework applicability and usefulness.