Action video games enhance executive function in typically developing children and children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

Abstract

Hypotheses: 1) Executive Function (EF) in children can be improved by action video games training. 2) Improvement of EF can enhance hand motor function. Aims: 1) To determine whether children who play Video Games (AVGPs) exhibit similar enhancement of EF as has been reported in adults; 2) To study the effect of action video game genre training on EF and hand motor function for Typically Developing (TD) children; 3) To study the effect of AVG training on EF and hand motor function for children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy (HCP). Methods: Aim1:154 TD children aged 6-12 years participated in a cross-sectional study; Aim 2: 40 Non-Action Video Game players (NAVGPs) aged 8-12 years were randomized to training with AVG or NAVG, in a double blinded study of the effect of AVG training on EF; Aim 3:9 children with HCP aged 8-12 participated in a pilot study, open intervention study of the effect of AVG training on EF and hand function. EF was assessed using Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and hand motor function was assessed using Tyneside 9 holes pegboard. In addition, Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), Melbourne Assessment 2 (MA2), and Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI) were used for children with HCP. Results: EF and hand motor functions were superior in children playing AVGs compared to children who play NAVGs only. Action video game training for 50 hours over 8 weeks significantly improved EF in TD children compared to those training with NAVGs. AVG training was associated with significant improvement in EF in children with HCP. Hand motor function did not show significant improvement after training. Conclusion: Action video game training can enhance EF in TD and should be investigated further to assess if it has a therapeutic role in improving EF and dexterity in children with HCP.